What role do hand signals play in NORAC 100?

• A. They provide safe guidance for train movement when the communications or signaling systems are not fully available.
• B. They are decorative and optional.
• C. They replace all radio communications.
• D. They are only used in yard limits.

Answer: (A)

Hand signals in NORAC 100 are a backup way to guide and authorize train movement when normal communications or signaling systems are unavailable or unreliable. They allow a qualified person on the ground to visually indicate commands—such as stop, proceed, or adjust speed—so the locomotive crew can move the train safely even if radio or interlocking systems aren’t working. This isn’t decorative or optional; it’s a crucial safety measure that supplements or replaces spoken instructions when needed. Hand signals aren’t meant to replace all radio communications, and they aren’t limited to yard limits—crews may use them on the main line as part of inop signaling procedures. Clear, visible gestures and proper adherence to established signal meanings help ensure trains operate safely during equipment failures or other interruptions.